Important Atributes of Friendship Essay - 548 Words

When we think of friendships, we think of the people in our lives that make us smile and of the times that we have spent with them. Friends bring a joy and an important fufillment into our lives. They leave an important mark on us, and memories that last a lifetime. Friendships can provide us with support and a safety from everyday hardships and obstacles of life. On the otherhand a fake friendship can turn out to be detrimental, hurtful and leave us feeling alone. There are certain things that a friend must possess in order to be labled as a good friend and without these things, a friendship will never grow, but will fall flat. A real platonic companion must be loyal, trustworthy, understanding as well as accepting. First one must†¦show more content†¦If you want to be a good friend you must be upfront and completely honest. Honesty and trust go hand in hand. So a friend you cannot trust, is not a friend at all. Finally, the last thing a friend must possess is being understanding and accepting. When you are a good friend you accept the other person for exactly who they are. It does not matter what they look like, how strange they are or if they are having a bad day. Part of being a good friend is accepting someone for everything they are and learning to love them for who they are on the inside. If you are a real friend to somebody, you never want them to change, you simply love them, without judgement. A friendship without understanding and acceptance is limited, and like walking on egg shells. A real friend will never make you feel like you are not good enough,instead, they will always lift you up and be there to understand you, when no one else does. Friendships are an important and crucial part of the lives of us humans. Not everybody puts as much value in them as others, but that reflects in the quality and length of the friendships that they have. Even when two people click wonderfully, it can slowly fade out, when one or both in the friendship dont put in the effort to make the friendship last. If you arent a good friend now, you can always make an effort to change. A friendship that lasts for many years or decades, is rare and should be cherished deeply. To be a rare and real friend, it

Essay on Necessity of Pre-nuptial Agreements within Australia

Necessity of Pre-nuptial Agreements within Australia Legislation recognising pre-nuptial agreements has been well overdue and this recognition will significantly improve the social and economic impact of divorce. Pre-nuptial agreements, however controversial, are nothing more than a commonsense idea which not only eases the burden that the financial division of divorce has of the courts, but makes the whole divorce proceedings emotionally and financially easier for everyone involved. Something as simple as a contract which states the financial situation of each party before marriage is not giving up before youve even started, but an effective marriage contract which allows the partners to discuss their financial situation†¦show more content†¦It also deals with, to a small extent , the extra finance given to whoever would have custody of the children post-divorce, though this is mostly in the hands of the divorce courts. (www.pre-nuptialagreements.com.au) All of these factors can only help the social and economic impact of divorce, as it is making it easier for everyone involved. Before December 2000, pre-nuptial agreements were not held legally binding by legal courts - couples could form their own agreement before marriage but the courts did not have to stick by them. This created a problem within the marriage where certain circumstances called for the division of property to be different from that as stated by the Family Law Act. Some of these special circumstances might include if you want to keep premarital assets seperate, if you are blending families (both partners already have children), you want to ensure that the family wealth stays within the family, or if you simply just want certainty as to property rights and maintenance payments upon a potential divorce. (www.pre-nuptialagreements.com.au) A newspaper article written on the day that prenuptial agreements became financially binding writes: Pre-Nuptial agreements became legally enforcable today in an effort to reduce the amount of time taken resolving disputes in the Family Court.... Sydney family law specialist Bill Karras said theShow MoreRelatedCase Study16130 Words   |  65 Pagesof those short-listed – Richard Kitson – wanted to know from his side whether Sarsen was ambitious, keen, prepared to take calculated risks and adventurous. A match had been made. Richard had experience within the public sector – leading and growing a local authority housing service, and within the housing association world – managing the fastest-growing region of a well respected national association with a long history of success, including managing large numbers of staff in an operation that

Organizational Learning Journal of Applied Communication

Question: Describe about the Organizational Learning for Journal of Applied Communication. Answer: Introduction The changes experienced in the current century are presenting numerous challenges to the modern class of societal and organizational leadership. Any organization that is to survive in the ever-changing world must embrace organizational learning. Organizational learning is the ability to acquire the necessary knowledge and skills as an individual or as a group regarding the changing environment, transfer the learned competencies within the organization and guide the organization to adequate performance (Azmi, 2008). An effective modern leader must know how to acquire the skills, share with the group and apply them to transform the institution capacity to perform in new environments. Thus, the paper seeks to use organizational learning theories; experiential theory, social learning theory, assimilation theory, situated learning theory and community of practice and adaptive and generative learning theory to outline how a leader can know, go and show the way. Experiential Learning Theory Experiential learning theory notes that learning takes place through experience. The theory focuses on the learners cognitive abilities to learn from new and challenging situations and transforming the experience into actions. According to Hedin (2000), the development of new ideas and ways of doing things is stimulated by experience. The theory posits that active learning is guided by a cycle of four stages; concrete experience where the learner comes across new situations that force him to do things differently. The reflective observation phase comprises of the learners ability to observe and understand the unfolding. After critical reflection of the experience, the learner engages in a thought-provoking process and develops new ideas or update the exist practices and finally put it into practice to get the desired results. Hayward (2002) notes that though experience, leaders will derive new competencies from any challenging situation, come up with policies to actualize the new ide as and involve the stakeholders for the success of the process. Hence, a good leader will learn from experience, act on the new ideas and guide people on the implementation. For example, the Marriot international company policies of helping disaster-stricken victims, team building and affiliative leadership were facilitated by experiential learning theory. The company which employs people of different cultures was faced with a crisis of regular employees conflict forcing some to leave the workplace. The management learned that conflicts was as a result of lifestyle intolerance among employees and resolved to engage the workers in different tasks of helping disaster-stricken victims in various regions and embark on team building to foster tolerance. The management was able to solve the conflicts and now has a happy diverse workforce. Social Learning Theory The social learning theory stresses that learning occurs in a social context where people learn with and from other people through cognitive processes. Scholz, Dewulf Pahl-Wostl (2014) claims that people learn through observing the behavior of others, evaluate the appropriateness of the consequences and imitating the behavior. The theory points out that for effective learning to occur, the actions of others must capture the attention of the observer and be remembered easily. The reproduction process comprises of the ability to perform the exact actions as observed. However, the critical learning process in this theory is the capacity to relate with the consequences of imitating the actions. Actions perceived to produce highest rewards prompt the willingness to emulate the activities. Leaders can learn socially today through interacting with right people and gaining insights on the trends been deliberated and evaluating the necessity of adopting the practices (Aounallah, 2014). Thus, Organizational leaders should observe the changes in the industries and the measures people are putting in place to handle the changes. Additionally, the leaders should evaluate the significance of those practices and adopt the practices that will yield maximum benefits while guiding their followers to the best mode of implementing the practices. For example, the ASB bank in New Zealand engaged in social learning theory when integrating technology in the bank. The firm set up a new technology system in the bank, launched mobile banking and availed customer cares services on social networking sites in 2013. The banks CEO, Barbara Chapman, admits observing most banks in the industry reaping from simplified and faster services due technology advancement. The CEO launched up strategies to successfully implement the observations and guided the workforce through training. Hence, the bank learned socially; observing and imitating beneficial trends in the industry Assimilation Theory The assimilation learning theory dictates that effective learning occurs through the integration of the newly acquired skills with the existing knowledge. According to Harrison (2000), meaningful learning requires the learner to comprehend the development of the new skills and assimilate them to broaden the concepts. The theory suggests that meaningful learning is built on knowledge acquisition, sharing and utilization through integrating with the already held knowledge. The key to the effective acquisition and use of new knowledge by learners is what they know (Vera Crossan, 2004). The leaders can acquire new knowledge through observation or experience and focus on what they know to improve their practices. Additionally, the leaders should share the newly acquired knowledge with the workforce through a broad range of organizational methods and guide on the skills development necessary to benefit the organization. Thus, using assimilation learning theory, leaders can observe and pic k knowledge from new situations, develop it with the help of what they already know and share with the workforce to facilitate the adoption. For example, Porsche Automotive Company embraced assimilation theory when manufacturing the luxurious Cayenne turbo sports car an improvement of the Macan crossover SUVs. The CEO, Oliver Blume, admits they experienced competition from rival companies such as BMW who launched luxurious and high-speed cars that resonated well with speed lovers. The Company put the observation into actions, sending their engineers to more training and came up with a unique brand with an acceleration of 60km/hr in 4.2 seconds. Thus, the company used the already held knowledge on making speedy sports car to produce more improved products. Situated Learning Theory and the Community of Practice Situated theory and community of practice model posit that involvement and interaction are crucial aspects that facilitate learning. Wenger Snyder (2000) note that social interactions and involving in activities guided by certain beliefs, behaviors and cultures are the perfect grounds for learning and becoming experts. The theory advocates for active relating with the learning activity through carrying out the tasks, hence, learning while doing. People have the ability to gain experience and look like experts in solving issues when the actively engage in community activities (Levitt March, 1988). The quality of Cooperation for a leader is very crucial in understanding and relating to the issue at hand. The leaders can build trust with the followers and win their will to engage in problem-solving activities for the benefit of the community. Hence, leaders can know about organizational and communal problems through being at the center of different practices and initiate measures to s olve the problems and guide people in the best ways. For example, the Common Wealth Bank of Australia leadership was guided by situated learning and community of practice theory when launching the community seed program. The bank marketing and communication department involves actively in the social media dialogue and online challenges with the customers to know what they need. As a strategy to keep on learning from the customers and enhance their services, the community seed program elicits conversation as voting for particular organizations continue. Hence, the leadership learns through online interaction, raise strategies to implement customers need and guide their workforce on successful implementation. Adaptive and Generative Learning Theory The adaptive and generative learning model stresses that learning occurs through development or modification of the existing knowledge. Chiva, Grando Alegre (2010) note that active learning encompasses engaging and connecting with activity, reflecting and cognitively choosing of the best conduct. Adaptive theory demands that a learner pays attention to the existing knowledge and influence it with improved thinking to achieve set targets. The generative approach advocates for a learner to engage in a thought-provoking process to come up with non-existing ways of doing things. A learner should engage in a cognitive process to evaluate the different mode of doing things and supplement his practices or come up with entirely new methods (Sharma, Gupta Wickramasinghe, 2005). Using the adaptive and generative learning theory, leaders should strive to gain knowledge through observations and experience and engage in thoughts on how to leverage product and brands. Furthermore, the modern lea dership can engage in research, experimenting with various practices to come up with the suitable mode of doing things (Bass, 2000). Thus, successful leaders should learn through provocative thinking, adopting the best practice and transferring the knowledge to the workforce. For example, the Asahi soft drink company used the adaptive and generative learning theory when coming up with new products such as Asahi Soukai and new Schweppes. The CEO, Atsushi Katsuki admits the company faced challenges of changes in customer preferences and stiff competition from other brands such as Coca-Cola. The company used the adaptive theory and enhanced their products through improved thinking. Additionally, the company closed some production plants to reduce the cost of production and compete effectively; a clear indicator of generative learning. Conclusion Consequently, various organizational learning theories outline the different way of acquiring knowledge. Consulting the models will allow leaders develop necessary competencies when encountered with challenging situations. The leaders will develop strategies to actualize the new ideas and guide the followers to successful implements the ideas. Hence, a good leader will learn, act and show the way. Referencing Azmi, F. T. (2008). Organizational Learning: Crafting a Strategic Framework. The Icfai University Journal of Business Strategy, 5(2), 58-70. Aounallah, N. (2014). The New Social Learning: A Guide to Transforming Organizations through Social Media. Journal of Applied Communications, 98(1), 6-8. Bass, B. M. (2000). The Future of Leadership in Learning Organizations. Journal of leadership organizational studies, 7(3), 18-40. Chiva, R., Grando, A., Alegre, J. (2010). Adaptive and Generative Learning: Implications from Complexity Theories. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(2), 114-129. Harrison, R. (2000). Learning, Knowledge Productivity and Strategic Progress. International Journal of Training and Development, 4(4), 244-258. Hayward, M. L. (2002). When Do Firms Learn from their Acquisition Experience? Evidence from 1990 to 1995. Strategic management journal, 23(1), 21-39. Hedin, N. (2010). Experiential Learning: Theory and Challenges. Christian Education Journal, 7(1), 107. Levitt, B., March, J. G. (1988). Organizational Learning. Annual review of sociology, 319-340. Scholz, G., Dewulf, A., Pahl-Wostl, C. (2014). An Analytical Framework of Social Learning Facilitated by Participatory ,Methods. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 27(6), 575-591. Sharma, S. K., Gupta, J. N., Wickramasinghe, N. (2005). A Framework for Building a Learning Organisation in the 21st Century. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 2(3), 261-273. Vera, D., Crossan, M. (2004). Strategic Leadership and Organizational Learning. Academy of management review, 29(2), 222-240. Wenger, E. C., Snyder, W. M. (2000). Communities of practice: The Organizational Frontier. Harvard business review, 78(1), 139-146.

Infamous criminal Griselda Blanco Essay Example Essay Example

Infamous criminal: Griselda Blanco Essay Example Paper Infamous criminal: Griselda Blanco Essay Introduction Infamous criminal: Griselda Blanco An infamous criminal can be described as one with a notoriously bad reputation due to their deeds. Griselda Blanco is one of the largest and infamous crime masterminds of all time in the American crime history (Streatfeild 45). She operated in one of the most ruthless ways imaginable. She was mainly involved in the drug trade consisting of mainly drugs such as cocaine, which was highly lucrative and still is quite lucrative for any criminal. She is remembered well due to her ruthless way of operating and the ability to escape the law enforcement agencies. She is said to have been responsible for the deaths of more than 500 people on a conservative estimate. She came to be known as the ‘Cocaine Queen’ or ‘la Madrina’ due to her vast control and influence in the cocaine drug trade. Griselda Blanco was born on February 15 1943 on the northern coast of Colombia (LaSala 11). She later moved to Medellin when she was just at a ten der age of three years old. She began her violent behavior at a tender age because of being battered by her abusive mother. At the age of eleven, she is said to have kidnapped and shot the child she had kidnapped from the neighboring areas of her slum neighborhood, as she tried to seek ransom. When she had attained adolescence, she had perfected several arts such as stealing and at one point; she was quite skilled at pick pocketing people. Due to the persistent violence at her home, she decided to leave her abusive mother and move elsewhere. She did not manage to finish her education, and at her preteen age, she had become a prostitute to be able to survive in the streets. She was a prostitute for quite some years before she eventually met her first husband in the line of her duties in Medellin. She met Albert Bravo in the mid 1970’s who facilitated her emigration to the United States where they settled in Queens, New York. This would serve as a platform for the beginning of her expansive drug trade. With the aid of her husband, they both began a sizeable cocaine business, which only spanned for several years before she was indicted by the law enforcement agencies on charges of drug conspiracy with more than thirty of her subordinates. She managed to escape the authorities and fled to Colombia. This was because the case against her was the largest drug related case at that time in history. However, despite the warrants for her arrest still being in place, she managed to sneak back in the United States in the late 1970’s and went to Miami (LaSala 23). Blanco was one of the forces behind the prominent killings that plagued Miami as gangs tried to establish control and outdo each other. This became to be known as the cocaine cowboy wars when cocaine became the most used illegal drug surpassing marijuana at that time. She had a strong distribution network across the United States, which raked in an average of $8 million a month. She was extremely rut hless in her operations that fueled the violence by other gangs because they saw her as a threat, and she also considered other gangs as threats to her operations. Thus, it became a battle for supremacy and control over the drug trade. Due to aggravated rates of murder and the many fruitless attempts to have her eliminated, she was prompted to move away from Florida to California (Smitten 17). The drug trade in Miami was estimated to be worth more than $ 21 billion. This is still evident with the presence of beautiful villas and condominiums and other luxurious establishments such as casinos, hotels and restaurants that are a predominant sight in Miami and the whole of Florida. In 1985, she was arrested by the authorities for and taken to court where she was sentenced to ten years in jail. After her release in 2004, her whereabouts were still a mystery. The cocaine cowboy wars had a solid impact on the American people and the cities she went to because of her ruthless and aggression in getting whatever she considered worth having. When she came to America, she was among the first people to penetrate the drug market successfully in quite a short time, whereas she did not have any knowledge about the United States or even the language itself. She became highly influential in setting a precedent for drug trade amongst the immigrant population. In New York, the drug trade had not grown into a large-scale operation, but Blanco’s impulsiveness and aggression led to the growth that resulted in the seizure of her drug cache, which was considered as one of the largest during that point in time. This set the stage for more drug traders who were usually immigrants trying to make names for themselves and seek livings in a highly lucrative drug market. Blanco also made the drug trade what it is today. Her ruthless and heartless way of trading set a precedent in the drug trade that is the norm in the world of drug trade. In the modern world, drug trade is characteriz ed by the numerous mass murders. She operated in a way that anyone who dared oppose her was killed by her gang of cronies, who she had hired to do her dirty work. She managed to kill her three husbands, meaning she did not have any emotional connection with any of them. This also shows that she did not tolerate any form of competition or force of opposition. This is a regular characteristic of drug traders because they never establish emotional connection. This is fascinating because during her time in Colombia she was helped by her husband to immigrate to Queens, New York yet she did not spare his life despite of both being husband and wife (Smitten 20). She is a fascinating person because of the way she had disregard for the American laws. She did not care about being arrested by the authorities despite being wanted for arrests in New York where she had managed to escape before being arrested. How she managed to escape the arrests is still a mystery to everyone. However, there are possibilities that due to her vast resources she was able to have a spy working for her to alert her of any possibilities of being arrested. In addition, the American public and the world are still fascinated by her ability to thrive in a male dominated society. Her dominance may have been attributed to her disregard for the law and her ruthlessness in the conduct of the trade. Because she did not tolerate any competition, she was able to gain respect from other drug traders who eventually feared her, as they did not want to end up as other rivals who were murdered heartlessly. Blanco was a manipulative and controlling woman. She managed to use her husbands in getting into the drug trade and later killed them. She also had control of mercenaries who were at her disposal. It is fascinating how she was able to control very ruthless and heartless men who could have betrayed her at any time possible. Her influence on the people around her was immense and might be attributed by her char acter and her vast monetary resources from the drug trade (Streatfeild 23). Blanco managed to survive an era that was dangerous. Even though she was the cause of most of the deaths in the Cocaine Cowboys era, she still had rivals who wanted to eliminate her. Before she ran away, she had committed her first murder at the age of eleven, a murder that was described as a child killing another child. The ability to kill at such a tender age is still unbelievable. What prompted her to commit such a heinous act is still ambiguous to the public and the world. Her behavior might be attributed to the abuse she faced while she was still young from her mother. At the age of twelve, she ventured into prostitution, what prompts such a young girl to venture into the prostitution without being forced into the trade is still beyond human comprehension. How she survives in the outside world is still beyond human comprehension for such a young girl without anyone to offer her the guidance and protecti on. What fueled her hunger for power is still unclear to many people because she did not relent in her quest for more power and control of the drug trade. She went to great extents to achieve all the material wealth and power she exhibited (King, 21). However, she lost all this in her quest for more control and power as she recklessly murdered people in order to maintain the status quo, which saw that she was the sole provider of the drugs in the market. She managed to operate for a long time in Miami despite previous attempts to have her arrested in New York. She managed to conduct her business, yet the police and the authorities knew of the business she was conducting (LaSala 14). She lived a very promiscuous life, and was famed for being bisexual and having several playboys who she later used as her mercenaries. This brings out the question as to whether she fancied men or women or more so, why was she promiscuous. Her disregard for her husbands shows that she was a dominating wo man because she would not tolerate any form of being dominated; thus, she became ruthless to a point of killing her husbands. Her dominance spread such that she was able to control a bunch of hoodlums who acted as her agents in the streets .She remains one of the most conspicuous figures in the criminal world who had a very negative impact in the world as some criminals considered her as a mentor. Thus, the mentees who enter into the drug view her actions as fit for the survival in the drug trade and they emulate what she did by being ruthless in conduct of the trade. This is evident by the numerous deaths that are instigated by the drug traders. When she was released fro prison and deported back to Colombia she vanished completely only with a single sighting of her at the Bogota Airport. How she vanished completely from the drug trade is still hard to comprehend with her enemies still in her pursuit to avenge what she did to them taking advantage of her vulnerability due to the lac k of resources or the mercenaries that she had. Her influence continues to be felt across the world with powerful women in society being attributed to have the same character traits to enable them to live in a male dominated world that requires a lot of aggression to achieve ones goals and objectives. There has never been any other woman who has risen to the heights that she did in the drug trafficking world (Smitten 48). Work Cited King, Susan. â€Å"A look back at Miami’s vices: drugs, cash, killings†. Los Angeles Times. 30 Oct. 2006. 20-22. Print. LaSala, Francine. Mistresses of Mayhem: The Book of Women Criminals. Indianapolis, IN: Alpha, 2002. Print. Streatfeild, Dominic. Cocaine: An Unauthorized Biography. New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2002. Print. Smitten, Richard. The Godmother. New York: Pocket Books, 1990. Print. Infamous criminal: Griselda Blanco Essay Thank you for reading this Sample! We will write a custom essay sample on Infamous criminal: Griselda Blanco Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Infamous criminal: Griselda Blanco Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Infamous criminal: Griselda Blanco Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Illegal Immigration and the Economy essays

Illegal Immigration and the Economy essays Illegal immigration has become one of the key political issues of the 1990s, especially in border states such as California. The Bureau of the Census estimates that there are now 4 million illegal aliens living in the United States and that about 300,000 more settle permanently each year. Four million illegal immigrants is undeniably a large number of people, but it is far below the "invading army" of 8 million 10 million aliens regularly reported in the media and by anti-immigrant lobbyists. Illegal aliens constitute only about 1.5 percent of the 260 million people living in the United States. Myopic and xenophobic Americans were (and are) threatened by what they perceive as waves of "foreigners" invading the U.S. shores and taking jobs away from hardworking "real" Americans. The fact of the matter is that is simply not the case. In the 1980s concern about the surge of illegal aliens into the U.S. has led Congress to pass legislation aimed at curtailing illegal immigration. The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 allows most illegal aliens who have resided in the U.S. continuously since January 1, 1982, to apply for legal status. In addition, the law prohibits employers from hiring illegal aliens and mandates penalties for violations. Most illegal immigrants come to the United States in search of employment, not to go on welfare, as many anti-immigration politicians and activists would claim. For many years federal officials have attempted to deter illegal immigration by denying undocumented aliens access to the U.S. job market. In 1986 Congress passed the "employer sanctions" provision of the Immigration Reform and Control Act. Employer sanctions made it a crime for employers to knowingly hire illegal aliens. Business owners who fail to comply with the law and knowingly hire illegal immigrants can face thousands of dollars in fines and, in the severest cases, prison sentences. Immigration raises the cost of publ...

Clinical supervision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Clinical supervision - Essay Example afterwards, in order to analyze it"(Goldhammer 1969)Four years after Goldhammer outlined his model for clinical supervision, Cogan did an analysis of Goldhammer's work and with the assistance of supervisors of teachers at Harvard University, Cogan adopted his own Clinical Supervision model, albeit it has three more steps than the pioneering model, the minor variance in the number of steps does not water down or conflict in concept. Cogan, however, does exhibit some flexibility as he offers, "certain phases may be omitted or altered, or new procedures instituted, depending upon the successful development of the working relationship between the supervisor and the teacher"(Cogan 1973 10-12). The fact that an allowance is kept alive for the possible retrofitting of a model, is an extremely salient point; because one might not always be successful in keeping the practice and theory diversities at a minimum, therefore adjustment might be necessary in both the model and its presentation.A third model was designed by Acheson & Gall (1987), this model possesses only three steps; planning conference; observation and feedback conference. The Peer Assistance and Review states that, "The clinical Supervision concept is intended to be a cyclic process. This implies that the supervision process is not a one time "drop in" event, but rather, the teacher and the supervisor will work together through a series of cycles to enhance the teachers abilities"(PAR) Anderson & Krajewsk i(1993 pp 175-176), are working on a similar flexible plane as Cogan as they maintain, "teachers are not compelled to follow a sequential order, "they can cut them to suit the situations in which they find...Goldhammer (1969) defines the term ‘clinical’ as, â€Å"it is meant to imply supervision up close† That is the supervisor actually observes the teacher in the classroom, collects data on the observation, and uses the data for analysis following the observation†Goldhammer believed that the supervisory process is prime to embody an aire of open communication and trust between the teacher and his/her consulting teacher. The most basic element in the process is how the teacher feels about their personal level of capabilities. There has been an evolutionary explosion in the area of Clinical supervision in the past ten years. We have come to see the practice of development of cognitive coaching, peer coaching, and action research. Either one of these three processes can work in accord with either of the three clinical supervision models mention herein. If either of the processes is applied individually, as in the case of cognitive coaching; wherein Cos ta and Garmston (1994) , describes as, â€Å"a non-judgmental set of practices built around a planning conference, lesson observation, and a reflective follow-up conference†(Costa & Garmston). These processes breakdown a group of basic assumptions, guidelines, and skills which can work in all contact with other teachers, learners, and the parents. It follows, that when all three of these processes are super imposed over the various steps of either of the three models mentioned, it is a given that we are then reckoning with a major positive shift in the learning environment.

Business Determinants of Bank Profitability Dissertation

Business Determinants of Bank Profitability - Dissertation Example From this report it is clear that that the determinants of banking profitability are into categories which are internal and external. Internal determinants include the management of expenses, liquidity and capital reserves while external ones are size of the firm, economic environment and ownership basis. Proper management of expenses was identified as the most important factor enhancing high profitability in banks. Conversely, high interest rates occasioned by ownership strategies were identified as the main factor to low profitability. The research is valid since misappropriation in handling expenses will definitely lead to more expenditure and less profits in any sector. Similarly, imposing customers to high interest rates on loans is also a factor that makes customers lose faith with the bank.This research highlights that  Molyneux and Thornton elucidated on these variables as well as revealing that liquidity affects profitability negatively. This research explains that industr y-specific variables are the factors that affect a bank within the banking industry such competition arising from homogeneity of goods and services. Whereas macro-economic variables simply entail the environment of the economy that banks operate. In terms of liquidity, a bank can be affected if it does not have proper appropriation of funds and hence using it in unproductive ventures such as imposing exorbitant loan interest rates, hence creating losses to the bank.